{"id":2872,"date":"2026-02-05T01:34:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/products\/fdt-01-falling-dart-impact-tester\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T01:34:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T01:34:54","slug":"fdt-01-falling-dart-impact-tester","status":"publish","type":"products","link":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/products\/fdt-01-falling-dart-impact-tester.html","title":{"rendered":"FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h2><strong>1.Introduction of FDT-01 Falling Dart Impact Tester<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>FDT-01\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/impact-tester.html\/\">Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0je specializovan\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odolnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, desky, kompozitn\u00ed f\u00f3lie, f\u00f3lie a pap\u00edr, pokud maj\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ku men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 mm.\u00a0<strong>N\u00e1razov\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka \u0161ipkou<\/strong>\u00a0se prov\u00e1d\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem posouzen\u00ed schopnosti materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sil\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Objevte na\u0161e\u00a0<strong>vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fd n\u00e1razov\u00fd tester padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong>, ur\u010den\u00e9 k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch\u00a0<strong>n\u00e1razov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipky\u00a0<\/strong>na r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. Na\u0161e str\u00e1nky\u00a0<strong>voln\u011b padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipka - n\u00e1razov\u00fd tester<\/strong>, v\u010detn\u011b model\u016f z \u010c\u00edny, poskytuje spolehliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pro posouzen\u00ed odolnosti f\u00f3li\u00ed a jin\u00fdch substr\u00e1t\u016f proti n\u00e1razu. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>n\u00e1razov\u00fd tester padaj\u00edc\u00edho filmu<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<strong>stroj pro n\u00e1razovou zkou\u0161ku padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipky<\/strong>\u00a0zajistit soulad s pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi normami. Prove\u010fte d\u016fkladnou\u00a0<strong>n\u00e1razov\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka voln\u011b padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipkou<\/strong>\u00a0s na\u0161\u00edm nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vybaven\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje trvanlivost a kvalitu va\u0161ich v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/plastic-film-tester.html\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami\" src=\"https:\/\/image.chukouplus.com\/upload\/C_4083\/file\/20240626\/422e222f761b0c893a978e3e1c6b58f4.png?1\" alt=\"FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Hodnocen\u00ed odolnosti proti n\u00e1razu:<\/strong>\u00a0Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b k hodnocen\u00ed odolnosti materi\u00e1lu proti n\u00e1hl\u00fdm n\u00e1raz\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na jeho trvanlivosti a spolehlivosti p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b a manipulaci.<br \/>\n<strong>Kontrola kvality:\u00a0<\/strong>Zajistit, aby materi\u00e1ly spl\u0148ovaly pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 normy a po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, a sn\u00ed\u017eit ztr\u00e1ty v\u00fdrobk\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00edm materi\u00e1lu.<br \/>\n<strong>V\u00fdvoj produktu:<\/strong>\u00a0Pom\u00e1hat v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm a in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm s v\u00fdb\u011brem vhodn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, optimalizovat konstrukci v\u00fdrobk\u016f a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed balen\u00ed a zajistit celkovou kvalitu a v\u00fdkonnost v\u00fdrobku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-319\" src=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>2.V\u00fdhody n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek FDT-01<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami\u00a0<\/strong>je jednotka \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 PLC (stabiln\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148) a ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 dotykovou obrazovkou HMI. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st sestavy \u0161ipek a uvol\u0148ovac\u00edho mechanismu je vyrobena p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b podle normy.<\/p>\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9ho testovac\u00edho programu sta\u010d\u00ed, aby u\u017eivatel provedl test a zv\u00fd\u0161il nebo sn\u00ed\u017eil v\u00e1hy podle nastaven\u00fdch parametr\u016f. Po dostate\u010dn\u00e9m po\u010dtu ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch\/ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch test\u016f pak syst\u00e9m automaticky poskytne v\u00fdsledek dopadu, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed t\u0159eba znovu ru\u010dn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed PLC a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed dotykov\u00e9 obrazovky zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed stabilitu, snadn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a efektivn\u00ed obsluhu.<\/p>\n<p>Dv\u011b zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody (A a B) (metoda B je voliteln\u00e1)<\/p>\n<p>Testovac\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko i no\u017en\u00ed sp\u00edna\u010d jsou vybaveny pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a snadn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Pozorovac\u00ed sv\u011btlo pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kontrolovat stav vzorku b\u011bhem up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Zobrazen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f test\u016f v gramech a joulech<\/p>\n<p>Elektromagnetick\u00e9 zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed a automatick\u00e9 pad\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Pneumatick\u00e9 up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f<\/p>\n<p>Vestav\u011bn\u00e1 jehli\u010dkov\u00e1 mikrotisk\u00e1rna pro v\u00fdstup dat<\/p>\n<p>Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed software je poskytov\u00e1n jako voliteln\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3.Why pot\u0159ebujete FDT-01 Falling Dart Impact Tester<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>R\u00e1zov\u00e1 pevnost materi\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed, je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm parametrem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm jejich kvalitu, cenu a v\u00fdkonnost p\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b a manipulaci. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami<\/strong>\u00a0poskytuje spolehliv\u00fd prost\u0159edek k posouzen\u00ed schopnosti materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sil\u00e1m a zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee materi\u00e1l spl\u0148uje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed normy. V\u00fdrobci a v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou tento n\u00e1stroj vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu, n\u00e1vrhu v\u00fdrobku a balen\u00ed, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku zajist\u00ed odolnost a integritu tenk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>4.K \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1razov\u00fd tester padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek FDT-01?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem\u00a0<strong>FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami<\/strong>\u00a0je prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1razov\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami, co\u017e je tradi\u010dn\u00ed a \u0161iroce uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 metoda m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 pevnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed. P\u00e1dem \u0161ipky nebo zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu ze stanoven\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky na zkouman\u00fd materi\u00e1l tester vyhodnot\u00ed schopnost materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sil\u00e1m. Tyto informace jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro kontrolu kvality a v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdrobk\u016f, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zet poruch\u00e1m materi\u00e1lu, sni\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s po\u0161kozen\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed celkovou spolehlivost a kvalitu tenk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-320\" src=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FDT-01-Falling-Dart-Impact-Tester2.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>5.Pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u00a0<strong>FDT-01 Tester n\u00e1raz\u016f padaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161ipkami<\/strong>\u00a0se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k hodnocen\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 pevnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed, desek, kompozitn\u00edch f\u00f3li\u00ed, f\u00f3li\u00ed a pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>6.Specifikace n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">A nebo metoda B (voliteln\u011b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Testovac\u00ed rozsah<\/td>\n<td>Metoda A: 50~2000g\/<\/p>\n<p>Metoda B: 300 ~ 2000 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Pr\u016fm\u011br \u0161ipky<\/td>\n<td>Metoda A: 38\u00b11mm<\/p>\n<p>Metoda B: 50\u00b11mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">V\u00fd\u0161ka n\u00e1razu<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">660 mm\/1500 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">P\u0159esnost<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">0,1 g (0,1 J)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Svorka<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Pneumatick\u00e1 svorka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed plynem<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">0,6 MPa \u03a68 mm PU trubky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Velikost vzorku<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">&gt; 150 mm x 150 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">AC 110~220V 50Hz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Rozm\u011br<\/td>\n<td>Metoda A: 500*450*1200 mm (VDV)<\/p>\n<p>Zp\u016fsob B: 500*450*2200 mm (LWH)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>7.Standardy n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>ASTM D1709, ISO 7765-1, JIS K7124-1, GB\/T 9639<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>8.Konfigurace n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Standardn\u00ed konfigurace:<\/strong>\u00a0Tester n\u00e1razu padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek FDT-01, standardn\u00ed sada z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b h\u0159\u00eddele, hlavice \u0161ipky, zaji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00edho l\u00edmce, inkrement\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed) pro metodu A, no\u017en\u00edch sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f, pojistek, p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky, kalibra\u010dn\u00edho certifik\u00e1tu, nap\u00e1jec\u00edho kabelu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Voliteln\u00e1 konfigurace:<\/strong>\u00a0Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd sloupec metody A, sada z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed metody B, port RS 232, linka COM, software.<\/p>\n<p>Dod\u00e1vky testeru n\u00e1razu padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipky FDT-01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>9.\u010cast\u00e9 dotazy k n\u00e1razov\u00e9mu testeru padaj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161ipek<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka: Jak\u00e9 je hlavn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed testeru FDT-01 Falling Dart Impact Tester?<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f: P\u0159\u00edstroj FDT-01 je ur\u010den k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed, a je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, jako je v\u00fdroba plast\u016f, pap\u00edru, textilu, potravin, farmaceutick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, toaletn\u00edch pot\u0159eb, tisku a lepidel.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka: Jak FDT-01 zjednodu\u0161uje proces testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f: Tester je vybaven vestav\u011bn\u00fdm testovac\u00edm programem, kter\u00fd eliminuje pot\u0159ebu ru\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f. Po s\u00e9rii test\u016f Fail\/Non-Fail syst\u00e9m automaticky vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 v\u00fdsledky dopadu pro pohodl\u00ed u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka: Co se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1razov\u00fdm testem \u0161ipek?<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f: N\u00e1razov\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka \u0161ipkou m\u011b\u0159\u00ed schopnost materi\u00e1lu odolat n\u00e1razov\u00e9 s\u00edle voln\u011b padaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ipky, co\u017e simuluje re\u00e1ln\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, kdy m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu n\u00e1razu materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/contact-us.html\/\"><strong>V\u00edtejte na konzultaci!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.Introduction of\u00a0FDT-01 Falling\u00a0Dart Impact Tester The\u00a0FDT-01\u00a0Falling Dart Impact Tester\u00a0is a specialized testing device designed for measuring the resistance performance of various materials, such as plastic films, sheets, composite films, foils, and paper, provided they are less than 1mm thick.\u00a0Dart impact test\u00a0is conducted to assess the material&#8217;s ability to withstand external forces. Discover our\u00a0high-precision falling dart [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"products-categories":[1385,1310],"productstags":[],"class_list":["post-2872","products","type-products","status-publish","hentry","products-categories-impact-tester","products-categories-plastic-film-tester"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products\/2872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/products"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products\/2872\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"products-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products-categories?post=2872"},{"taxonomy":"productstags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.materialstests.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/productstags?post=2872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}